The American people created the Constitution, which has been in operation since March 1789,Ā because they wanted individual protections from the government. In June 1789, U.S. House of Representatives member James Madison drafted a list of amendments to the Constitution. The House approved 17 of the amendments, and the Senate 12. In October 1789, President George Washington sent the amendments to the states for approval. Two years later, on Dec. 15, 1791, three-fourths of the states ratified 10 of the amendments, which became known as the Bill of Rights. The first of these amendments protected individual opinions, ideas and communication.Ā
āThe five freedoms protected by the First Amendment are fundamental to modern democracy,ā said political science professor Steven Vanderheiden, director of Ā鶹Ćā·Ń°ęĻĀŌŲBoulderās Keller Center, which focuses on the First Amendment. āThey protect the right of members of the public to meaningfully participate in processes of self-governance and provide a vital check on state power.ā
The five freedoms the First Amendment guarantees:
The First Amendment Applies to:
Federal Government
State Government
Local Government
LeRoy Keller Center for the Study of the First Amendment:Ā
- Endowed in 1993 by LeRoy āLeeā Keller (Econā29), who worked in journalism for more than four decadesĀ
- Housed within Ā鶹Ćā·Ń°ęĻĀŌŲBoulderās political science department
- Supports teaching, research and community outreach on First Amendment rights and liberties
- Informs the public about First Amendment rights and current threats to themĀ
- Current director is political science professor Steven VanderheidenĀ