Stereotype Threat
Think about your own teaching or learning environment:
- What cues might students notice that signal whether they belong?
- Have you ever unintentionally made an assumption about a student’s abilities based on their background?
What is Stereotype Threat?
Stereotype threat is the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural group. This creates additional stress and cognitive load, which can harm academic focus, performance, and relationship-building.
Researchers Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson coined the term, noting that negative stereotypes erode trust and hinder scholastic success. Students who question their belonging in the classroom often look for environmental cues to determine if they are welcome, leading to hyper-vigilance that diverts essential mental resources.
Why Belonging Matters
Students who feel they belong and are valued by teachers and peers can:
- Engage more fully in discussions.
- Build meaningful relationships.
- Be open to feedback.
- Persevere through challenges.
Creating environments that affirm student belonging reduces the impact of stereotype threat and improves educational outcomes for all.
Understanding Implicit Bias
Implicit biases are subconscious attitudes or stereotypes about various groups. These biases can influence our assumptions as instructors or peers. Reflecting on these biases is crucial to creating inclusive spaces.
- Explore Your Biases: The can help identify implicit biases related to race, gender, and other concepts.
- As Stephen Brookfield writes, “We must investigate where our ‘common sense’ assumptions come from,” as many are uncritically accepted from professional norms and culture.
Take Action Against Stereotype Threat
To address stereotype threat, consider the following steps:
- Examine Your Assumptions: Reflect on your own teaching practices and implicit biases.
- Create Inclusive Environments: Use inclusive language, represent diverse scholars, and provide equal opportunities for participation.
- Encourage Belonging: Show students they are valued through personalized feedback and equitable teaching practices.
Start Learning Today
- Take the .
- Explore resources on reducing stereotype threat and implicit bias.
- Begin creating a more inclusive and welcoming classroom today!
Further Reading & Resources:
&Բ;&Բ;Beasley, M.A., Fischer, M.J. “Why they leave: the impact of stereotype threat on the attrition of women and minorities from science, math and engineering majors.” Soc Psychol Educ. 2012; 15, 427–448
&Բ;&Բ;Cheryan S, Plaut VC, Davies PG, Steele CM. “Ambient belonging: how stereotypical cues impact gender participation in computer science.” J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009; 97(6)
&Բ;&Բ;Dennehy TC, ‐Z A, Tanigawa N. . British Journal of Social Psychology. 2014;53(3):585- 594.
&Բ;&Բ;Shnabel N, Purdie-Vaughns V, Cook JE, Garcia J, Cohen GL. “.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2013;39(5):663-676.
&Բ;&Բ;Steele, C.M., Aronson J. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995; 69 (5): 797–811